船用钢板移动电磁感应加热温度及变形特性

采用带间隙双回路反向电流(ODIG)感应器作为热源,基于ANSYS多物理场耦合数值模拟方法,结合感应器及周围空气动态移动方法,建立移动式电磁-热交互耦合数值模拟模型。将获得的瞬态温度作为载荷,进行热-弹塑性数值分析,研究船用钢板移动电磁感应加热温度分布和变形分布。分析不同工艺参数(感应器与钢板间隙g、钢板厚度H、电流频率F、电流峰值I_(peak)和移动速度v)对热成形(最高温度T_(um)、宽度b和厚度h)和变形(横向收缩δ_z和横向角变形θ_z)特性的影响。结果表明:温度云图为带预热的双椭圆外形;影响热成形特性的主要因素为I_(peak)、v和g;影响变形最主要的因素是I_(peak)和H。     

IPO择时行为对资本结构的影响分析

基于资本结构的市场时机选择理论,本文以2006-2010年沪深两市IPO公司为研究对象,建立实证分析模型,研究IPO市场时机选择行为对资本结构的影响。实证结果表明沪市不存在明显的IPO择时行为,而深市较为明显,且此行为对资本结构构有长期影响,但其影响力有限,不及传统因素。     

基于实例的船舶靠泊操纵技术探讨

船舶靠泊码头操作是驾驶员经常性经历的工作之一,也是操船中事故发生率较高的一项操作.以3个码头靠泊时的体会出发,从制定靠泊计划、了解码头情况、熟知本船性能和控制余速4个方面,进一步总结船舶靠泊码头应注意的事项.     

Theoretical and numerical analysis of bending behavior of unbonded flexible risers

This paper presents theoretical and numerical study on bending properties of unbonded flexible risers. To capture nonlinearities in layer's sliding, the stress component due to slip-stick behavior is considered and energy conservation principle considering sliding-caused heat consumption is employed in the analytical model. Besides, a finite element model estimating mechanics of unbonded flexible risers' bending is proposed. In the finite element model, couplings between bending moment–curvature and axial stress as well as contact interaction among layers and tendons have been considered. The theoretical and numerical results were validated against the corresponding experimental data in literature and mutually compared in analyzing nonlinear bending behavior of flexible risers. Moreover, the impacts of axisymmetric loads on riser's bending behavior have been further investigated.     

马来西亚东海岸铁路CTCS-2级列控系统方案研究

对马来西亚东海岸铁路CTCS-2级列控系统方案进行了分析和研究;针对单线自动站间闭塞情况提出了CTCS-2级列控系统方案;通过综合比较后提出马来西亚东海岸铁路列控系统推荐方案,可为CTCS-2级列控系统在单线自动站间闭塞中的应用提供一定参考.     

扣件DI弹条非正常部位断裂原因分析及结构优化

通过对DI弹条非正常部位断裂的研究,发现扣件安装时弹条与铁垫板安装孔发生接触,致使弹条在中肢与尾部圆弧过渡区域产生应力集中,发生早期疲劳断裂。本文在研究弹条结构及安装方式的基础上,在弹条的中肢与尾部圆弧过渡区域引入"凹面"结构,对弹条进行结构优化,并通过扣压力和疲劳性能检测、实验室疲劳断裂检验、现场试铺检验等对带有优化"凹面"结构的DI弹条性能进行检测。结果表明:优化后的弹条扣压力和疲劳性能均合格,且能有效抑制因接触产生的非正常部位断裂,提高弹条性能。     

轨道复合不平顺对无缝线路横向变形的影响分析

轨道复合不平顺会对行车的安全及稳定性产生较大影响,也是影响无缝线路横向变形的一个重要因素。为研究轨道复合不平顺对无缝线路的具体影响,通过构建三维轨道框架非线性有限元模型,采用轨道框架单点(或多点)位置发生横向及竖向位移来模拟复合不平顺状态,通过计算获取节点位移变化规律,进而分析轨道复合不平顺对无缝线路横向变形的影响作用。研究结果表明,轨道的复合不平顺会对无缝线路的横向变形产生显著的影响;当线路出现三角坑等类似病害时,其节点位移变化更为显著,在无缝线路的日常养护维修中应尤为注意。     

基于需求弹性的城市公交票价优化方法及实证分析

城市公交票价是公交系统健康发展的重要因素，票价制定需兼顾公交企业的市场性和公益性双重属性，在保证服务质量的同时，考虑运营成本和最大限度吸引公交需求，实现经济效益和社会效益的双赢.在本文中，根据用户均衡理论，构建了城市多方式交通出行的需求分析模型，采用灵敏度分析方法给出了城市公交价格-需求弹性的计算方法.在此基础上，充分考虑了各种方式的交通特征、公交需求弹性、公交运营成本及政府限价等因素，提出了城市公交票价优化的数学规划模型，并给出了求解算法.最后，以国内某城市居民出行调查及公交运营数据为基础，分析了不同条件下公交客运需求的变化规律及城市公交票价的优化策略.     

Happy or liberal? Making sense of behavior in transport policy design

Appropriate microeconomic foundations of mobility are decisive for successful policy design in transportation and, in particular, for the challenge of climate change mitigation. Recent research suggests that behavior in transportation cannot be adequately represented by the standard approach of revealed preferences. Moreover, mobility choices are influenced by factors widely regarded as normatively irrelevant. Here we draw on insights from behavioral economics, psychology and welfare theory to examine how transport users make mobility decisions and when it is desirable to modify them through policy interventions. First, we explore systematically which preferences, heuristics and decision processes are relevant for mobility-specific behavior, such as mode choice. We highlight the influence of infrastructure on the formation of travel preferences. Second, we argue that the behavioral account of decision-making requires policy-makers to take a position on whether transport policies should be justified by appealing to preference satisfaction or to raising subjective well-being. This distinction matters because of the (i) influence of infrastructure on preference formation, (ii) health benefits from non-motorized mobility, (iii) negative impact of commuting on happiness and (iv) status-seeking behavior of individuals. The orthodox approach of only internalizing externalities is insufficient because it does not allow for the evaluation of these effects. Instead, our analysis suggests that transport demand modeling should consider behavioral effects explicitly.     

Fast-charging station choice behavior among battery electric vehicle users

This study explores how battery electric vehicle users choose where to fast-charge their vehicles from a set of charging stations, as well as the distance by which they are generally willing to detour for fast-charging. The focus is on fast-charging events during trips that include just one fast-charge between origin and destination in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Mixed logit models with and without a threshold effect for detour distance are applied to panel data extracted from a two-year field trial on battery electric vehicle usage in Japan. Findings from the mixed logit model with threshold show that private users are generally willing to detour up to about 1750 m on working days and 750 m on non-working days, while the distance is 500 m for commercial users on both working and non-working days. Users in general prefer to charge at stations requiring a shorter detour and use chargers located at gas stations, and are significantly affected by the remaining charge. Commercial users prefer to charge at stations encountered earlier along their paths, while only private users traveling on working days show such preference and they turn to prefer the stations encountered later when choosing a station in peak hours. Only private users traveling on working days show a strong preference for free charging. Commercial users tend to pay for charging at a station within 500 m detour distance. The fast charging station choice behavior is heterogeneous among users. These findings provide a basis for early planning of a public fast charging infrastructure.